IBR & BVD Complexes:
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine virus
diarrhea (BVD) complexes are virus-caused diseases
responsible for many abortions and possibly respiratory
infections, "pinkeye"-type lesions and foot lesions.
Temporary infertility may follow IBR because of vaginitis
and/or a mild uterine infection.
Vibriosis: A venereal disease causing infertility and,
occasionally, abortion.
Leptospirosis: A widespread problem in the South,
especially in unvaccinated herds. It causes repeat breeders,
low-grade uterine infections, abortions, mastitis and occasionally
systemic infection.
Black Leg: It affects cattle worldwide and is caused by Clostridium chauvoei. This infection begins when the susceptible animal ingests the
endospores.
Red Water: This toxin attacks red blood cells and destroys them. The damage to the red blood cells will lead to a reddish discoloration of the urine, hence the name “red water disease.”
Black Diseases: Infectious necrotic hepatitis, or “black disease,” usually affects cattle on a high grain ration and is caused by Clostridium novyi type B. Black disease is somewhat similar to red water disease
Liver Flukes: Adult liver flukes are about 20-30 mm long and 7-14 mm wide. They are leaf-shaped, broader anteriorly than posteriorly, with an anterior cone-shaped projection that bears the anterior ventral sucker and mouth. The entire cuticle is covered with sharp spines. Flukes are hermaphroditic, containing both male and female sexual organs, and capable of self-fertilization.
Haematobia: Horn fly
Adults are about half the size of house flies. They have piercing, sucking mouthparts, and both sexes feed on blood and tissue fluids.
Cooperia: Small intestinal worm, cooperids, also known as cattle bankrupt worm
Small reddish nematodes up to 10 mm. long. Microscopically, the head looks swollen because of the dilated anterior end.
Dictyocaulus:
Cattle lungworm
Adults are up to 8 cm. long, thin, and milky white. Females are longer than males.
Haemonchus:
Large stomach worm, twisted wire worm, barber's pole worm
Adults are 10 to 30 mm. long. Males are shorter than females and have an even, reddish color and a bursa with an asymmetrical dorsal lobe and barbed spicules. Females are identified as "barber's pole worms" because their white ovaries are wound around their red blood-filled intestine.
Trichostrongylus axei: Stomach hair worm, bankrupt worm
The adult worm is tiny (0.5 centimeters) and hair-like.
Nematodirus:
Relatively long, thin nematodes, from 10 to 30 mm in length, with a thin anterior portion that enlarges at the front end of the worm.
Ostertagia:
Brown stomach worm
Adults are brownish and thread-like. growing to 9 mm. in length.
Strongyloides:
Intestinal threadworm
Adults are short and thin, 3.5 to 6 mm. long and only 0.05 to 0.06 mm. wide.
Trichuris:
Whipworm
Long roundworms; the front or anterior part is long and thin while the posterior is much thicker, giving the appearance of a whip. Posterior of male is curled. |
